Generátor školiacich materiálov

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Procure-to-Pay

Účastníci vysvetlia, ako sa nákupná potreba zmení na zaúčtovaný záväzok a platbu.

Za?iato?n?k (Key-user)

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Preh?ad procesu a biznis kontext

Procure-to-Pay spája operatívny nákup, príjem, kontrolu faktúry a platbu. V S/4HANA treba vidieť celý reťazec, pretože slabá objednávka, oneskorený príjem alebo blokovaná faktúra rýchlo ovplyvní finance aj dodávateľa.

End-to-end tok

1Purchase RequisitionME51N
Fiori aplik?cia: Create Purchase Requisition
Dopad na ACDOCA: No direct ACDOCA posting; creates demand and approval context.
2Purchase OrderME21N
Fiori aplik?cia: Manage Purchase Orders
Dopad na ACDOCA: No accounting entry for a standard PO, but commitment and valuation expectations are established.
3Goods ReceiptMIGO
Fiori aplik?cia: Post Goods Movement
Dopad na ACDOCA: Posts inventory or expense and GR/IR clearing where valuation is relevant.
4Invoice VerificationMIRO
Fiori aplik?cia: Create Supplier Invoice
Dopad na ACDOCA: Posts supplier liability, tax, price differences, and clears GR/IR where matched.
5PaymentF110
Fiori aplik?cia: Manage Automatic Payments
Dopad na ACDOCA: Clears supplier open item and posts bank/cash movement.

K???ov? tabu?ky

Table	Vysvetlenie
EKKO	Purchase order header: supplier, purchasing organization, document type, currency, and release state.
EKPO	Purchase order items: material, quantity, price, plant, account assignment, and delivery tolerance.
MARA	General material master data used throughout procurement and inventory processing.
MSEG / MATDOC	Goods movement item data; S/4HANA uses MATDOC as the material document line-item foundation.
RBKP / RSEG	Supplier invoice header and item data used by invoice verification.
ACDOCA	Universal Journal line items for valuation, invoice, and payment-related financial postings.

Postup krok za krokom

Create the purchase requisition

Capture material, plant, quantity, delivery date, account assignment, and requester.

Dajte pozor: If account assignment is wrong, invoice verification may block later even though purchasing looked correct.

Convert or create the purchase order

Confirm supplier, price, tax code, purchasing organization, delivery tolerances, and approval status.

Dajte pozor: Avoid teaching ME21N as typing practice; explain why each field controls downstream receipt and invoice behavior.

Post goods receipt

Receive against the PO and check stock, valuation, and GR/IR postings.

Dajte pozor: A late or missing goods receipt is one of the most common causes of blocked invoices.

Verify supplier invoice

Run the three-way match between PO, receipt, and invoice, then analyze any block.

Dajte pozor: Price, quantity, and tax differences should be classified before they are released.

Pay and clear supplier item

Execute payment proposal, review exceptions, post payment, and confirm clearing.

Dajte pozor: Payment terms and baseline date are master-data topics, not only finance topics.

?ast? chyby a rie?enie

Invoice blocked for quantity variance

Pravdepodobn? pr??ina: Supplier invoiced more than received or receipt was not posted.

Postup rie?enia: Check MIGO/MATDOC receipt and tolerance settings before releasing the block.

Wrong account assignment

Pravdepodobn? pr??ina: Cost center, asset, WBS, or GL account was missing or incorrect on PR/PO.

Postup rie?enia: Correct the purchasing document if possible; otherwise document the finance correction path.

GR/IR balance remains open

Pravdepodobn? pr??ina: Receipt and invoice quantities or values do not reconcile.

Postup rie?enia: Analyze PO history, invoice documents, and clearing logic before month-end close.

Rozdiely ECC a S/4HANA

S/4HANA zachováva známe nákupné doklady, ale zjednodušuje analytiku, oceňovanie a reporting cez HANA aplikácie a Universal Journal.

Slovn?k

Nákupná požiadavka: Interná požiadavka dokumentujúca potrebu pred objednávkou.
Nákupná objednávka: Nákupný doklad zaslaný dodávateľovi.
Príjem tovaru: Účtovanie potvrdzujúce prijatý tovar alebo službu.
Kontrola faktúry: Porovnanie faktúry s objednávkou a príjmom.
ACDOCA: Universal Journal tabuľka finančných položiek.