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Procure-to-Pay

Los alumnos explican cómo una necesidad de compra se convierte en una obligación contabilizada y pagada.

Principiante (Key-user)

Prueba de conocimiento

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Resumen del proceso y contexto de negocio

Procure-to-Pay conecta compra operativa, recepción, verificación de factura y pago. En S/4HANA se debe ver toda la cadena porque un pedido débil, una recepción tardía o una factura bloqueada afecta a finanzas y al proveedor.

Flujo end-to-end

1Purchase RequisitionME51N
App Fiori: Create Purchase Requisition
Impacto ACDOCA: No direct ACDOCA posting; creates demand and approval context.
2Purchase OrderME21N
App Fiori: Manage Purchase Orders
Impacto ACDOCA: No accounting entry for a standard PO, but commitment and valuation expectations are established.
3Goods ReceiptMIGO
App Fiori: Post Goods Movement
Impacto ACDOCA: Posts inventory or expense and GR/IR clearing where valuation is relevant.
4Invoice VerificationMIRO
App Fiori: Create Supplier Invoice
Impacto ACDOCA: Posts supplier liability, tax, price differences, and clears GR/IR where matched.
5PaymentF110
App Fiori: Manage Automatic Payments
Impacto ACDOCA: Clears supplier open item and posts bank/cash movement.

Tablas clave

Table	Explicaci?n
EKKO	Purchase order header: supplier, purchasing organization, document type, currency, and release state.
EKPO	Purchase order items: material, quantity, price, plant, account assignment, and delivery tolerance.
MARA	General material master data used throughout procurement and inventory processing.
MSEG / MATDOC	Goods movement item data; S/4HANA uses MATDOC as the material document line-item foundation.
RBKP / RSEG	Supplier invoice header and item data used by invoice verification.
ACDOCA	Universal Journal line items for valuation, invoice, and payment-related financial postings.

Gu?a paso a paso

Create the purchase requisition

Capture material, plant, quantity, delivery date, account assignment, and requester.

Atenci?n: If account assignment is wrong, invoice verification may block later even though purchasing looked correct.

Convert or create the purchase order

Confirm supplier, price, tax code, purchasing organization, delivery tolerances, and approval status.

Atenci?n: Avoid teaching ME21N as typing practice; explain why each field controls downstream receipt and invoice behavior.

Post goods receipt

Receive against the PO and check stock, valuation, and GR/IR postings.

Atenci?n: A late or missing goods receipt is one of the most common causes of blocked invoices.

Verify supplier invoice

Run the three-way match between PO, receipt, and invoice, then analyze any block.

Atenci?n: Price, quantity, and tax differences should be classified before they are released.

Pay and clear supplier item

Execute payment proposal, review exceptions, post payment, and confirm clearing.

Atenci?n: Payment terms and baseline date are master-data topics, not only finance topics.

Errores comunes y soluci?n

Invoice blocked for quantity variance

Causa probable: Supplier invoiced more than received or receipt was not posted.

Ruta de soluci?n: Check MIGO/MATDOC receipt and tolerance settings before releasing the block.

Wrong account assignment

Causa probable: Cost center, asset, WBS, or GL account was missing or incorrect on PR/PO.

Ruta de soluci?n: Correct the purchasing document if possible; otherwise document the finance correction path.

GR/IR balance remains open

Causa probable: Receipt and invoice quantities or values do not reconcile.

Ruta de soluci?n: Analyze PO history, invoice documents, and clearing logic before month-end close.

Diferencias ECC a S/4HANA

S/4HANA conserva documentos de compra conocidos, pero simplifica analítica, valoración y reporting financiero mediante apps optimizadas y Universal Journal.

Glosario

Solicitud de compra: Petición interna que documenta una necesidad antes del pedido.
Pedido de compra: Documento de compra enviado al proveedor.
Recepción de mercancía: Contabilización que confirma la recepción y actualiza inventario o gasto.
Verificación de factura: Comparación entre factura, pedido y recepción.
ACDOCA: Tabla del Universal Journal para partidas financieras.