MM · Materials Management
采购到付款 SAP S/4HANA training
从采购申请到供应商付款的完整 MM 采购周期。
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采购到付款连接运营采购、收货、发票校验和财务清账。在 S/4HANA 中需要理解整条链，因为薄弱的采购订单、延迟收货或冻结发票会很快变成财务和供应商服务问题。
学习者能够解释采购需求如何变成已过账的供应商负债和付款。
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- 1
Purchase Requisition
ME51NFiori ??: Create Purchase Requisition
ACDOCA ??: No direct ACDOCA posting; creates demand and approval context.
- 2
Purchase Order
ME21NFiori ??: Manage Purchase Orders
ACDOCA ??: No accounting entry for a standard PO, but commitment and valuation expectations are established.
- 3
Goods Receipt
MIGOFiori ??: Post Goods Movement
ACDOCA ??: Posts inventory or expense and GR/IR clearing where valuation is relevant.
- 4
Invoice Verification
MIROFiori ??: Create Supplier Invoice
ACDOCA ??: Posts supplier liability, tax, price differences, and clears GR/IR where matched.
- 5
Payment
F110Fiori ??: Manage Automatic Payments
ACDOCA ??: Clears supplier open item and posts bank/cash movement.
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| Table | ?? |
|---|---|
| EKKO | Purchase order header: supplier, purchasing organization, document type, currency, and release state. |
| EKPO | Purchase order items: material, quantity, price, plant, account assignment, and delivery tolerance. |
| MARA | General material master data used throughout procurement and inventory processing. |
| MSEG / MATDOC | Goods movement item data; S/4HANA uses MATDOC as the material document line-item foundation. |
| RBKP / RSEG | Supplier invoice header and item data used by invoice verification. |
| ACDOCA | Universal Journal line items for valuation, invoice, and payment-related financial postings. |
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Create the purchase requisition
Capture material, plant, quantity, delivery date, account assignment, and requester.
????: If account assignment is wrong, invoice verification may block later even though purchasing looked correct.
Convert or create the purchase order
Confirm supplier, price, tax code, purchasing organization, delivery tolerances, and approval status.
????: Avoid teaching ME21N as typing practice; explain why each field controls downstream receipt and invoice behavior.
Post goods receipt
Receive against the PO and check stock, valuation, and GR/IR postings.
????: A late or missing goods receipt is one of the most common causes of blocked invoices.
Verify supplier invoice
Run the three-way match between PO, receipt, and invoice, then analyze any block.
????: Price, quantity, and tax differences should be classified before they are released.
Pay and clear supplier item
Execute payment proposal, review exceptions, post payment, and confirm clearing.
????: Payment terms and baseline date are master-data topics, not only finance topics.
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Invoice blocked for quantity variance
????: Supplier invoiced more than received or receipt was not posted.
????: Check MIGO/MATDOC receipt and tolerance settings before releasing the block.
Wrong account assignment
????: Cost center, asset, WBS, or GL account was missing or incorrect on PR/PO.
????: Correct the purchasing document if possible; otherwise document the finance correction path.
GR/IR balance remains open
????: Receipt and invoice quantities or values do not reconcile.
????: Analyze PO history, invoice documents, and clearing logic before month-end close.
ECC ? S/4HANA ??
S/4HANA 保留熟悉的采购凭证，但通过 HANA 优化应用和 Universal Journal 简化分析、库存估值和财务报表。
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- 采购申请
- 采购订单创建前记录内部需求的请求。
- 采购订单
- 发送给供应商的采购凭证。
- 收货
- 确认收到货物或服务并更新库存或费用的过账。
- 发票校验
- 比较供应商发票、采购订单和收货。
- ACDOCA
- SAP S/4HANA 的 Universal Journal 财务行项目表。
知识检查
完成测试并达到至少 70% 即可解锁证书。
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