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Procure-to-Pay

Les apprenants expliquent comment un besoin d'achat devient une dette fournisseur comptabilisée puis payée.

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Vue du processus et contexte m?tier

Procure-to-Pay relie achat opérationnel, réception, vérification facture et paiement. Dans S/4HANA, la chaîne complète est essentielle car une commande faible, une réception tardive ou une facture bloquée crée vite un problème finance et fournisseur.

Flux end-to-end

1Purchase RequisitionME51N
App Fiori: Create Purchase Requisition
Impact ACDOCA: No direct ACDOCA posting; creates demand and approval context.
2Purchase OrderME21N
App Fiori: Manage Purchase Orders
Impact ACDOCA: No accounting entry for a standard PO, but commitment and valuation expectations are established.
3Goods ReceiptMIGO
App Fiori: Post Goods Movement
Impact ACDOCA: Posts inventory or expense and GR/IR clearing where valuation is relevant.
4Invoice VerificationMIRO
App Fiori: Create Supplier Invoice
Impact ACDOCA: Posts supplier liability, tax, price differences, and clears GR/IR where matched.
5PaymentF110
App Fiori: Manage Automatic Payments
Impact ACDOCA: Clears supplier open item and posts bank/cash movement.

Tables cl?s

Table	Explication
EKKO	Purchase order header: supplier, purchasing organization, document type, currency, and release state.
EKPO	Purchase order items: material, quantity, price, plant, account assignment, and delivery tolerance.
MARA	General material master data used throughout procurement and inventory processing.
MSEG / MATDOC	Goods movement item data; S/4HANA uses MATDOC as the material document line-item foundation.
RBKP / RSEG	Supplier invoice header and item data used by invoice verification.
ACDOCA	Universal Journal line items for valuation, invoice, and payment-related financial postings.

Parcours ?tape par ?tape

Create the purchase requisition

Capture material, plant, quantity, delivery date, account assignment, and requester.

? surveiller: If account assignment is wrong, invoice verification may block later even though purchasing looked correct.

Convert or create the purchase order

Confirm supplier, price, tax code, purchasing organization, delivery tolerances, and approval status.

? surveiller: Avoid teaching ME21N as typing practice; explain why each field controls downstream receipt and invoice behavior.

Post goods receipt

Receive against the PO and check stock, valuation, and GR/IR postings.

? surveiller: A late or missing goods receipt is one of the most common causes of blocked invoices.

Verify supplier invoice

Run the three-way match between PO, receipt, and invoice, then analyze any block.

? surveiller: Price, quantity, and tax differences should be classified before they are released.

Pay and clear supplier item

Execute payment proposal, review exceptions, post payment, and confirm clearing.

? surveiller: Payment terms and baseline date are master-data topics, not only finance topics.

Erreurs courantes et r?solution

Invoice blocked for quantity variance

Cause probable: Supplier invoiced more than received or receipt was not posted.

Chemin de correction: Check MIGO/MATDOC receipt and tolerance settings before releasing the block.

Wrong account assignment

Cause probable: Cost center, asset, WBS, or GL account was missing or incorrect on PR/PO.

Chemin de correction: Correct the purchasing document if possible; otherwise document the finance correction path.

GR/IR balance remains open

Cause probable: Receipt and invoice quantities or values do not reconcile.

Chemin de correction: Analyze PO history, invoice documents, and clearing logic before month-end close.

Diff?rences ECC vers S/4HANA

S/4HANA garde les documents achats familiers, mais simplifie l'analyse, la valorisation et le reporting avec des apps optimisées HANA et l'Universal Journal.

Glossaire

Demande d'achat: Demande interne qui documente un besoin avant la commande.
Commande d'achat: Document achat envoyé au fournisseur.
Réception: Comptabilisation confirmant biens ou services reçus.
Vérification facture: Comparaison entre facture, commande et réception.
ACDOCA: Table Universal Journal des lignes financières.